Chapter 2 Wrap-Up
Concept Check
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Section Resources
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2.1 Descriptive Statistics and Frequency Distributions
2.2 Displaying and Describing Categorical Distributions
2.3 Displaying Quantitative Distributions
2.4 Describing Quantitative Distributions
2.5 Measures of Location and Outliers
Key Terms
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2.1 Descriptive Statistics and Frequency Distributions
- Descriptive statistics
- Graphical descriptive methods
- Numerical descriptive methods
- Distribution
- Frequency
- Lower class limit
- Upper class limit
- Class width
- Class midpoint
- Relative frequency
- Cumulative relative frequency
2.2 Displaying and Describing Categorical Distributions
2.3 Displaying Quantitative Distributions
2.4 Describing Quantitative Distributions
2.5 Measures of Location and Outliers
2.6 Measures of Center
2.7 Measures of Spread
Extra Practice
Extra practice problems are available at the end of the book (Chapter 2 Extra Practice).
Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data
Organizing, summarizing, or presenting data visually in graphs, figures, or charts
Numbers that summarize some aspect of a dataset, often calculated
The possible values a variable can take on and how often it does so
The number of times a value occurs in the data
The lower end of a bin or class in a frequency table or histogram
The upper end of a bin or class in a frequency table or histogram
The difference in consecutive lower class limits
Found by adding the lower limit and upper limit, then dividing by two
The percentage, proportion, or ratio of the frequency of a value of the data to the total number of outcomes
The sum of the relative frequencies for all values that are less than or equal to the given value
Data that describes qualities or puts individuals into categories; also known as categorical data
The most frequently occurring value
The level of variability or dispersion of a dataset; also commonly known as variation/variability
Numerical data with a mathematical context
A random variable that takes on a countable amount of values
Categorical data where the the categories have a natural or intuitive order
The visual appearance of a dataset
An observation that stands out from the rest of the data significantly
The central tendency or most typical value of a dataset
How many peaks or clusters there appear to be in a quantitative distribution
The middle number in a sorted list
A number that measures the central tendency of the data
The arithmetic mean, or average, of a dataset
The arithmetic mean, or average, of a population
Not affected by violations of assumptions such as outliers
The average distance (deviation) of each observation from the mean
A subset of the population studied
The whole group of individuals who can be studied to answer a research question
The square of the standard deviation; a computational step along the way to calculating the standard deviation
A measure of location that tells us how many standard deviations a value is above or below the mean